The basic idea
A patent foramen ovale, or PFO, is an opening between the upper heart chambers that remained open after birth. Many people have one without needing a procedure. After certain strokes, a neurology and cardiology team may consider whether it allowed a clot to reach the brain.
Finding a PFO does not prove that it caused a stroke. The evaluation looks for other causes and weighs whether closure could reduce the risk of another stroke. A review can explain the findings and the closure discussion already documented by your team.
General background: SCAI: PFO management guidance (opens in a new tab); American Heart Association: preventing another stroke (opens in a new tab). Content prepared September 21, 2026.
Questions worth bringing to your team
- How likely is it that the PFO contributed to my stroke?
- What other possible causes have been evaluated?
- What benefit and risks does my team expect from closure in my case?
- What medicines and follow-up would be needed with or without closure?
- How will my neurologist and cardiologist make their recommendation together?
How a review can help
We can explain the terms in the written reports and the options your treating team has already documented. We help you separate what the notes answer from what still needs discussion.
Useful records to gather
Neurology and cardiology notes, stroke discharge summary, written brain and blood-vessel imaging reports, bubble-study or transesophageal echo report, rhythm-monitor report, and medication list.
Use the complete records checklistSee a sample review
“They found a PFO after my stroke. Why might closing it help?”
Read the sample caseA focused review, for $350
Up to 40 relevant pages, a 30-minute phone or video call with a physician, a plain-language summary, and questions for your team. Completed within 48 hours of acceptance, payment, and complete records. Adults in New York.
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